Status
Conservation status
Ireland: Not considered threatened.
Europe: Not considered threatened.
Global: Not considered threatened.
Legal status
Pelagia noctiluca is not afforded legal protection in Ireland.
Native status
Resident
Invasiveness
Not assessed
Species Biology
Identification
Key features:
• Hemispherical umbrella (bell), with thick jelly and small warts on the bell surface
• Umbrella diameter up to 10 cm in length
• 4 oral arms with frilly crenulated margins under the bell
• 8 hollow tentacles on umbrella margin that can be 2 – 3 times longer than umbrella diameter
• Colour varies with maturity, from golden brown (immature) to purple/rose (mature)
Habitat
P. noctiluca is an oceanic species, found mainly offshore, but can occasionally be found in coastal waters in large aggregations if the oceanographic conditions are right. P. noctiluca is holoplanktonic (spend their entire life in the pelagic zone) and is most abundant in Irish waters during autumn.
Source: Doyle et al., 2008
Life cycle
P. noctiluca reproduces sexually via direct development, with no fixed polyp stage. Breeding occurs mainly in autumn and winter, and is extended in the warmer Mediterranean Sea. From a fertilised zygote, a ciliated planula develops, which forms a small (1 mm) ephyra after a week. Over the course of 2 – 3 more months, the ephyra develops further into a small golden brown medusa, mature at ca. 6 cm. The entire life cycle takes ca. 1 year.
Source: Russell, 1970
Threats faced
This species is not considered threatened or endangered.
Source: Doyle et al., 2008
Distribution
World distribution(GBIF)
As an oceanic species, mauve stingers are widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, found offshore from the warm Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean waters to the temperate waters of Ireland and the UK.
Source: Russell, 1970; Licandro et al., 2010
Irish distribution
The mauve stinger is mostly found along the entire West coast of Ireland, from Donegal to the Celtic Sea, only rarely being swept into the Irish Sea.
Source: Doyle et al., 2008
Temporal change
Records submitted to Data Centre in 2024
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References
Publications
Doyle, T. K., De Haas, H., Cotton, D., Dorschel, B., Cummins, V., Houghton, J. D. R., Davenport, J., et al. 2008. Widespread occurrence of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in Irish coastal and shelf waters. Journal of Plankton Research, 30: 963–968.
Licandro, P., Conway, D. V. P., Daly Yahia, M. N., Fernandez de Puelles, M. L., Gasparini, S., Hecq, J. H., Tranter, P., et al. 2010. A blooming jellyfish in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean. Biology Letters, 6: 688–691.
Russell, F. S. (1970). The medusae of the British Isles (Vol. 2). CUP Archive.